CLASSIFICATION
Concept of Classification
Definition:- Classification means to group the given items on the basis of certain common quality that they possess .
In this chapter, the questions consist of 4/5 elements. All the elements except one, follow a certain pattern/rule or have some common quality and thus form a group . The candidate has to find the element that doesn't belong to the group.
Types of Classification:-
Classification may be broadly divided into the following types,
◾(i) Word Classification
◾(ii) Number Classification
◾(iii) Letter Classification
◾(i) WORD CLASSIFICATION:-
In word Classification, the candidate is given a group of words in which all except one are related to one another in a particular manner thus form a group. The candidate has to identify the odd word that doesn't belong to the group.
Illustration:-1
Choose the odd One.
A. Square B. Circle
C. Parallelogram D. Rectangle
Solution:- (B) Except Circle, all other given shape are made up of straight line.
Illustration:-2
Choose the odd one .
A. Eyes B. Nose
C. Ears D. Lungs
Solution:-(D) Except Lungs, all others are external body parts, but lungs are internal parts of body.
◾NUMBER CLASSIFICATION:-
In number Classification, there is a similarity among the given numbers or group of numbers. The candidate has to identify the odd number or group of numbers, which doesn't belong to the group.
The Number Classification is generally based on the following similarities :
◾ Square and Square root of a number.
◾Cube and Cube root of a number
◾Even and Odd number
◾Prime number
◾Divisibility test of a number
◾Sum of digits of a number
Illustration:-3
Choose the odd one.
A. 27 B. 35
C. 18 D. 9
Solution:- (B) Except 35 , all others are multiple of 9, but 35 is the multiple of 5 and 7 .
Illustration:-4
Choose the odd one.
A. 16 - 28 B. 32 - 84
C. 12 - 52 D. 49 - 77
Solution:- (C) 2 × 8 = 16
8 × 4 = 32
7 × 7 = 49
But , 5 × 2 = 10, thus, 12 - 52 is an odd pair .
◾(iii) LETTER CLASSIFICATION
In Letter Classification, There is a similarity or pattern among the letters in the group and the candidate has to identify the pattern and select the one which doesn't follow the common pattern in the group.
The relationship among the letter is generally based on the following similarities :
◾ Position of letters
◾Vowels and Consonants
◾ Reverse order of letters
◾Addition or Multiplication of positional value
Illustration:-5
Choose the odd one.
A. H B. Q
C. T D. Z
Solution:- (B) All other letters except Q , occupy the even-numbered positions in the English alphabet. As , H---->8(even), Q---->17(odd), T---->20(even) and Z---->26(even).
Illustration:-6
Choose the odd one.
A. LNJ B. RTP
C. NPK D. FHD
Solution:- (C)
Clearly, letters group NPK follows different pattern from others. Hence, NPK doesn't belong to the group.
NOTE:- Besides word , Letter and Number Classification, their also exist Mixed Classification in which combination of letters and numbers are given.
Illustration:-7
Choose the odd one .
A. OE3 B. XD6
C. JB5 D. VK2 E. PH3
Solution:-(R) Here, putting the positional values of letters according to English alphabetical order as A = 1, B = 2, C = 3,.......,Z = 26.
And solving the alternatives, we have
OE3 = -->OE = O/E = 15/5 = 3
XD6 = -->XD = X/D = 24/4 = 6
JB5 = -->JB = J/B = 10/2 = 5
VK2 = -->VK = V/K = 22/11 = 2
PH3 = -->PH =P/H = 16/8 =2 (not equal to 3).
In PH3, the numerical value should be 2 instead of 3, because 16/8 = 2. Hence, PH3 doesn't belong to the group.
Types of Questions:-
There are several types of questions that can be asked from Classification. Some of the type are discussed below :
Type:-1
Choosing the odd word/letter/letters' group/number, this type of problem, 4/5 words/letters/letters' group/numbers are given having some common features except the odd one. You are required to find the 'odd one out' .
Illustration:-8
Choose the odd one .
A. Strong B. Hesitant
C. Daring D. Brave
Solution:-(B) Hesitant is different as all others are synonyms of each others.
Illustration:-9
Choose the odd one.
A. Marigold B. Tulip
C. Lotus D. Rose
Solution:- (B) Except Tulip, all others are flowers, where as tulip is a kind of plant.
Illustration:-10
Choose the odd one.
A. MTF B. SLE
C. RKD D. UNG
Solution:- (A) Here, the letters group follow the below pattern,
Except MTF, all others follow similar pattern. So, letters group MTF is different from others.
Illustration:-11
Choose the odd one.
A. HGFED B. PONML
C. NLKJI D. TSRQP
Solution:- (C) Except option "C", in all the others group the consecutive letters are given in reverse order but in option "C", letter M is missing.
Illustration:-12
Choose the odd one.
A. 144 B. 169
C. 256 D. 288 D. 324
Solution:- (D) Except 288, all other numbers are square of natural numbers. As, (12)² = 144, (13)² = 169, (16)² = 256, (18)² = 324.
Illustration:-13
Choose the odd one.
A. 512 B. 625
C. 1296 D. 2401
Solution:- (A) Here, 512 is the cube of 8, where as other numbers are square of 25,36 and 49, respectively. So, 512 is different from others.
Type:-2
Choosing the odd pair of words/numbers. In this types of questions, different pairs of words/numbers having some common features/properties like name, places,uses,situations,origin,operations etc. Are given, except one pair . You have to identify the odd pair.
Illustration:-14
Choose the odd pair.
A. Gold : Ornaments
B. Cloth : Garments
C. Wood : Furniture
D. Leather : Footwear
E. Earthen pots : Clay
Solution:-(E) Except pair "E", in all other pairs, the first is the raw material used to make the second.
Illustration:-15
Choose the odd pair.
A. Broad-Wide B. Light-Heavy
C. Tiny-Small D. Big-Large
Solution:-(B) "Light" is an antonym of "Heavy". But in other pairs, words are synonyms of each others.
Illustration:-16
Choose the odd pair.
A. (21 : 24) B. (28 : 32)
C. (14 : 16) D. (70 : 80) E. (54 : 62)
Solution:-(E) Here, 21/24 = 7/8, 28/32 = 7/8, 14/16 = 7/8, 70/80 =7/8 and 54/62 = 27/31, Clearly, 54 : 62 is different from others.
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