Noun and it's Properties//Noun and cases//Rules and Errors//person, gender,number and their uses

Competitive24×7 October 12, 2021

 Noun and it's Properties||Rules and Errors ||Noun and cases|| Person,gender, numbers and their uses:-














   Agar aap pehela post nehi dekha to aap kuch bhi nehi samaj paogi to kripiya pehele pehela post do dekhe or samjhe then ye wala article ko dekhe ir samjhe or notes banaye.



1:- Person:- 

I,We,You ke alawa baki sare sab 3rd person.

1st person:- I,We

2nd person:- You

3rd person:-  I,We,You ke alawa baki sab 3rd persona.




2:- Gender:- Noun Gender


Death always knows ________victim.

(A) his                (B) her

(C) their             (D) its


Noun Gender


(i) Living:- Male animal, Female animal,either male or female animal.

(ii) Non-living:-  Neither male nor female.



There are basically four types of gender

(i) Masculine gender
(ii) Feminine gender
(iii) Common gender
(iv) Neuter gender



(i) Masculine gender:- A noun that represents male animal, it is called masculine gender.

Example:- boy, father etc.

(ii) Feminine gender:- A noun that represents female animal, it is called feminine gender.

Example:- Girl,Sister,mother etc.

(iii) Common gender:- A noun that represents either male or female, it is called common gender.

Example:- Name of posts- PM/CM/DM etc.

(iv) Neuter gender:- A noun that represents neither male nor female, it is called neuter gender.


Example:- Table,fan,chair etc.
(Can't be identified easily.)


Common Errors in the use of Common gender

Personification of noun


Masculine gender:- Hand,Rough,Cruel,Power etc.

Example:- Sun, Death ect .



Feminine gender:- Beauty,Kind,Soft,Calm etc.

Example:- Moon etc. 


Moon - (she,her)(✓).     Its-(×)
Sun -    (he,his)(✓).        Its-(×)


Example:- The moon is hiding its/her/his/their face behind the cloud.

                 The ship has last many of her/its/his crew.

Rule:- 'Ship'  is treated as feminine gender it takes 'she/her' not 'its' .
              

Example:- India has developed his/her/its/ economy.


Note:- Name of the country is treated as feminine gender, it takes 'her' .


Example:- The army knows her/its/his duty.

Note:- Collective noun yadi single body ke roop me kam karte hai to uske sath 'its' ka use kiya jata hai. Or agar wo plural ki saman kam karte hai to 'theirs' ka use karte hai .


Noun-Number:-

(i) Countable noun

(ii) Uncountable noun

(i) Countable noun:-


* Singular countable Noun (one)

◾ Article is used.
◾+v (singular)
Ex:- The/A boy.


* Plural countable Noun (more than one)

◾No article use
◾+V (plural)
Ex:- boys are.


(ii) Uncountable noun:-

◾No article
◾Singular + V (singular)

Ex:- water is.



◾Rules for changing singular noun into plural noun.

Rule:-1 Most of the nouns form their plural by adding 's' .



Singular-------------Plural

Pen--------------------Pens

Book------------------Books

Building-------------Buildings

Cap--------------------Caps

Doll-------------------Dolls

Hat--------------------Hats etc.


Rule:-2 Some of the nouns which end in s/ss/sh/ch/x and y form their plural by adding 'es'.


Singular--------------------Plural

Bench------------------------Benches

Branch-----------------------Branches

Class--------------------------Classes

Tax-----------------------------Taxes. Etc.

Rule:-3 Some of the nouns which end in 'o' form theirs plural by adding 's' or 'es' .

Vowel letter + o(+s)

 Singular-----------------------Plural

Radio-----------------------------Radios
 
Cuckoo---------------------------Cuckoos

Curio-----------------------------Curios

Video-----------------------------Videos 

Bamboo--------------------------Bamboos etc.



Consonant letter + o(+es)

Singular---------------------Plural

Tomato-----------------------Tomatoes

Potato------------------------Potatoes

Hero---------------------------Heroes

Mosquito---------------------Mosquitoes etc.


Notes:- Science and Technology related words ke sath "s" lagte hai (jiske last me "o" laga ho ). 


Example:- Radio,piano,dynamo,photo etc.



Rule:-4 Some of the nouns which end in 'y' form theirs plural by adding 's' or 'es' .

Vowel letter + y(+s)

 Singular--------------------Plural

Monkey----------------------Monkeys

Donkey-----------------------Donkeys

Boy----------------------------Boys

Toy---------------------------Toys

Day---------------------------Days etc.



Consonants letter + y(+es)


Singular------------------------Plural


Lady------------------------------Ladies


Baby------------------------------Babies

Salary----------------------------Salaries

Story-------------------------------Stories

City---------------------------------Cities

Lily----------------------------------Lilyes etc.


Rule:-5 Some of the latter last with f/es



Last letter f/es---------Chenge v + es.



Singular------------------Plural

Wife-------------------------Wives

Life---------------------------Leaves

Knife-------------------------Knives

Half--------------------------Halves etc.


Rule:-6 Some of the noun form their plural by chenging the inside vowel.



Singular-------------------Plural


Man--------------------------Men

Woman---------------------Women

Tooth------------------------Teeth

Foot--------------------------Feet

Mouse---------------------Mice

Child----------------------Children etc.


Rule:-7 

* Many boys are present today.(✓)

* Many boy is present today.(×)

* Hunter killed many dears.(×)

* Hunter killed many dear.(✓)


Many + noun(countable)plural + V(plural)


Much + noun(uncountable)singular + V(Singular)

Some of the nouns which have the same form in Singular and Plural.


Example:-


Dear

Aircraft

Sheep

Series etc.


Rule:-8 Some of the nouns which looks like singular but  they are used as plural and takes plural verb.


People (Peoples) ek se adhik samuday ke log, rastra, public/police cattle etc.



*The police have caught the theif. (×)

*The Mathematics is a difficult subject. (×)

*The Mathematics are a difficult subject. (×)

*Mathematics is a difficult subject.(✓)



Rule:-9 Some of the noun look like plural but they are always used as Singular and takes Singular verb.

Note:- Yadi name of subject se kisi byakti ka name (Property/merit/demerit) jud jaye to name of subject plural hote hai. Or ane wal verb bhi plural sath me 'article' 'The' bhi proyog kiya jate hai.


Example:- The mathematics K.C. Sinha is good.



Rule:-10 Some of the nouns form their plural in irregular way.

Example:-



Singular-----------------------Plural


Basis------------------------------Bases


Axis--------------------------------Axes


Medium--------------------------Media or mediums



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